Contents

• Basics
  • Basics of data management in the NDA
    • Basic data types
    • Naming of data items
    • Commands, switches, scripts and script parameters
    • Definition of macros within script files
    • Variables and parameter substitution
  
  
• User's reference
  • Basic operations for managing the name space
    • Managing directories
    • Listing names in the name space
    • Removing name entries
    • Renaming name entries
    • Copying data frames or fields
    • Displaying the contents of data frames and fields
    • Querying the vector lenght of a name entry
    • Setting the contents of a data field
    • Selecting fields into a data frame
    • Selecting classes to a classified data frame
    • Selecting items to frames
    • Attaching a data frame to the end of another
    • Handling classified data frames
    • Creating a data field as a number series
    • Converting fields of a data frame into a string field
    • Conversion routines for time
    • Matrices
      • The matrix structure
      • Older matrix conversion commands
      • New matrix conversion commands
      • Singular Value Decomposition
      • Calculation of the pseudo-inverse matrix
      • Calculation of the LU decomposition
      • Sum of two matrices
      • Substraction of two matrices
      • Multiplication of two matrices
      • Multiplication of a matrix by a number
      • Transpose of a matrix
      • Calculate matrix inverse
      • Cholesky decomposition
  • Data reorganization
    • Transposing a data frame
    • Joining data frames
    • Indexing through a joining operation
    • Finding unique data records
    • Finding unique indexes from classes
    • Finding the indexes of a classified data from another classified data
    • Merging a grouping and a classified data
    • Set-relational operations for classes
    • Convert a classification into a field
    • Converting SOM classification to location codes
    • Combining classifications
    • Converting sum values into propabilities
    • Binarizing a classification to data fields
    • Picking data records based on a classified data
    • Sorting a data frame
    • Classifying a data frame with a BMU classifier
    • Classifying data records to sequences
    • Concatenating sequences
    • Overlapping sequential data sets
    • Compacting self-similar data
    • Changing field types
  • Basic computing operations
    • Preprocessing data
      • Basic preprocessing
      • Whitening preprocessor command
      • Equalize values within records
      • Treatment for missing data
    • Generating data
    • Creating orthogonal DoE plan for two level factors
    • Field evaluator
      • Expressions
      • Field calculator
      • Record selector
      • Classification with expressions
      • Select classes by evaluating a boolean expression
    • Record evaluator
    • Class evaluator
    • Field statistics
      • Basic statistics for fields
      • Quartiles for data fields
      • Histograms for fields
      • Comparison of two data frames
    • Class statistics
      • Basic statistics for classes
      • Class identifiers
      • Identifying classes by values
      • Evaluating the number of items in classes
      • Values for distributions in classes
      • Histograms for classes
    • Fuzzy sets
      • Creating a fuzzy structure
      • Creating fuzzy sets
      • Altering the membership functions of fuzzy sets
      • An example sequence of fuzzy operations
      • Computing fuzzy membership values for a field
    • Calculating distances between data records
    • Group membership evaluation
    • Distributions
      • Calculating the percentiles of the $t$-distribution (level of confidence)
      • The inverse of the $t$-distribution function
      • Calculating the $F$-distribution function and its inverse
      • Calculating the univariate normal cumulative distribution function (uncdf) and its inverse function
      • Calculating the multivariate normal cumulative distribution function (mvncdf)
  • Algorithms
    • The Tree-Structured Self-Organizing Map and related structures
      • Training a TS-SOM
      • Classifying data by a TS-SOM
      • Smoothing data in a TS-SOM
      • Creating a field for TS-SOM layer information
      • Storing the indexes of neurons into a data frame
      • Getting and setting data in a TS-SOM layer
      • Computing a U-matrix
      • Spreading the groups of core neurons
      • Mapping data records onto a TS-SOM
      • Generating data according to the grid of a TS-SOM
    • Backpropagation
      • The basic learning rule
      • The basic learning rule with a momentum term
      • Global adaptive training step length
      • The Matlab neural network toolbox style training
      • The Silva & Almeida training
      • The RPROP training
      • The Levenberg-Marquard training
      • Importing a new data to a trained network
      • Visualizing an MLP network
    • Searching for MLP inputs to match given outputs
    • MLP neural network with one hidden layer
      • Stochastic and batch learning
      • Rprop learning
      • MLP network outputs calculation
    • Classical scaling and Sammon's mapping
    • Scaling a data set using the principal component analysis (PCA)
    • Linear regression and confidence bands
    • Data clustering
      • Hierarchical clustering
      • k-means clustering
      • Fuzzy c-means clustering
  • Image processing
    • File commands
    • Image conversions and cropping
      • Conversions between images and data frames
      • Converting graphs into pixel data frames
      • Creating an image mosaic according to a SOM
    • Basic filtering and thresholding
    • Histograms
    • Edge and line detection methods
      • Edge detection
      • Line detection
    • Extracting features from an image
      • General global features
      • Finding top and bottom points from an image
      • Connecting points with neighbours
      • Cutting connections in a graph
      • Features from graphs
    • BLOB analysis methods
      • Calculating feature distributions based on blobs
      • Calculating features based on blobs
      • Finding blobs with certain properties
    • Fourier commands
    • Commands related to fuzzy-analysis
    • Shape analysis
      • Calculation of size of centroid
      • Calculation of Bookstein coordinates of shape
      • Calculation of full Procrustes fit (superimposition) of one shape to another
      • Centering of landmarks' coordinates of shape
  • Revised image processing commands
    • General and I/O commands
    • Conversion commands
    • Pixel-level commands
    • Fourier transform for grayscale images
    • Morphological operations for binary images
    • Co-occurence matrix commands
    • Segmentation commands
    • Stochastic geometry commands
    • Simulation commands
    • Graph commands
    • Fractal commands
  • Graphics
    • Creating and initializing graphic structures
      • Creating a graphic structure and connecting a frame to it
      • Managing subgraphs
    • Setting a structure over subgraphs
      • Setting the visualized layer
      • Setting the topology and child links of TS-SOM
      • Creating trajectories
      • Connecting neurons
      • Creating contours
      • The U-matrix presentation
      • Axis for each dimension - x, y and z
      • 3D scatterplotting
    • Setting the graphical contents of subgraphs
      • Setting the locations of neurons in 3D
      • Setting the shape of the neurons
      • Setting the size of neurons
      • Setting the proportional diameters of circular neurons
      • Setting the colors or gray levels of neurons
      • The visibility of the neurons
    • Graphical presentations inside subgraphs
      • Axes in subgraphs
      • Plotting data in subgraphs
      • Bars in subgraphs
      • Range plots in subgraphs
      • Line diagrams in subgraphs
      • Line diagrams based on the values of the field
      • Histograms in subgraphs
      • The curves of the functions
      • Field labels and values as text in subgraphs
      • Record labels in subgraphs
      • Data matrix in subgraphs
      • Vector fields
    • Colors and scaling
    • Graphics for groups in a SOM
    • Adding custom graphic elements
      • Defining custom graphic texts
      • Defining custom graphic polygons
      • Defining custom graphic ellipses
    • Setting a viewpoint to a graphic image in 3D
    • Displaying an image in a window
    • Displaying graphics
    • Querying the settings of a graphic structure
    • Saving the settings of a graphic structure into a file
    • Graphic frames
      • Creating a graphic frame
      • Adding a graphic structure to a graphic frame
      • Setting the places of graphic structures within graphic frames
    • Commands for working with low level images
      • Generating a low level image from a graphic structure
      • Finding objects from a graphic structure
      • Executing macros according to a selection within a graphic structure
      • Generating a low level image for a graphic frame (tech.)
      • Updating a graphic structure
  • File I/O
    • Loading data structures from a file
    • Saving data structures into a file
    • PostScript printing
    • Executing command files
  • Device I/O
    • Image acquisition and camera handling
      • Viewing live camera image
      • Snap images from cameras
      • Querying and altering camera settings
      • Stopping an ethernet server program
    • Data Acquisition
      • Starting data acquisition
      • Stopping data acquisition
    • Engel Monitoring System
      • Initializing EMS communication
      • Using EMS to collect data
      • Using EMS to change machine settings
    • Communicating with devices using SCL
    • Waiting for events to occur
  • Miscellaneous commands
    • Changing current filesystem directory
    • Conditional execution
    • Command echo and messaging
    • Logging commands into a file
    • Getting help
    • Error tolerance
    • Returning from a macro
    • Leaving NDAshell
    • Checking host operating system type
    • Running a UNIX command from the NDAshell
    • Initializing the random number generator
    • Commands related to graphical user interfaces
      • Opening a graphic tool
      • Opening a graphical fuzzy tool
      • Viewing a graph using OpenGL
      • Pausing the execution of a command file
      • Updating a graphic window from the command line
  • OS filesystem commands
    • Get current working directory
    • Set current working directory
    • Create a new directory
    • Remove an existing directory
    • Copy an existing file to another location
    • Copy files to another location
    • Remove an existing file
    • Remove existing files
    • List files and directories
    • List directories
    • List files
  • Undocumented commands
    • Data and SOM operations
    • Image operations
    • Textual data processing
    • Probabilistic calculation
    • Socket communication
  
  
• Appendices
  • Quick reference
    • Basic operations for managing the name space
    • Data reorganization
    • Basic computing operations
    • Algorithms
    • Image processing
    • Revised image processing commands
    • Graphics
    • File I/O
    • Device I/O
    • Miscellaneous commands
    • OS filesystem commands

Alphabetical list of commands

a:

abp (5.2.3) addcld (2.13) addcl (2.13) addfzs (4.9.2) addgf (8.13.2) addsg (8.1.2) arclength (6.6.5) attchdat (2.12) axis (8.2.7)

b:

balance (6.3) bar (8.4.3) bgimg (8.9) bin (3.13) bmucl (3.16) bookstein (6.10.2) bp (5.2.1)

c:

calcfuzzy (6.9) calcfz (4.9.5) calcumat (5.1.7) camalter (10.1.3) camread (10.1.3) camrecv (10.1.3) camsend (10.1.3) camwrite (10.1.3) cd (2.1) centering (6.10.4) centroid (6.10.1) chol (2.17.13) cladev (4.8.5) classical (5.5) clavg (4.8.1) clcomb (3.11) clddiff (3.8) cldiff (3.8) cldind (3.9) cldinsec (3.8) cldist (4.10) cldunion (3.8) clhisto (4.8.6) clhits (4.8.4) clinsec (3.8) clkey (4.8.3) clmax (4.8.1) clmin (4.8.1) clname (4.8.2) clquar (4.8.5) clstat (4.8) clsum (4.8.1) clunion (3.8) clvar (4.8.1) cmdlog (11.4) cmdquar (4.7.4) cntr (8.2.5) cnvimg (6.2) colors (8.5) compact (3.20) concseq (3.18) confbands (5.7) convmatrix (6.2) conv (6.8) copy (2.5) cpcld (2.13) cpcl (2.13) crop (6.2) cutarcs (6.6.4) cwd (11.1)

d:

d2m (2.17.2) data2mat (2.17.3) datplc (8.2.8) delaunay (6.6.3) dist (4.10) dis (8.10) draw (11.12.5)

e:

echo (11.3) edgefr (6.6.1) ellipse (8.7.3) emsmonitor (10.3.2) emssetup (10.3.1) emsset (10.3.3) en (8.10) equrec (4.1.3) evalcld (4.6) evalrecs (4.5) exit (11.8) expr (4.4.2)

f:

f2i (6.2.1) f2m (2.17.2) fbp (5.2.8) fcm (5.8.3) fdist (4.12.3) fft2 (6.8) fft (6.8) filter (6.3) findcl (3.6) findtb (6.6.2) fldavg (4.7.1) flddev (4.7.1) fldhisto (4.7.3) fldmax (4.7.1) fldmin (4.7.1) fldquar (4.7.2) flds2str (2.15) fldstat (4.7) fldsum (4.7.1) fldvar (4.7.1) float2int (3.21) flocfeat (6.7.2) fndpnt (8.14.2) fndreg (8.14.2) fractald (6.6.1) freepolygon (8.7.2) freetext (8.7.1) freqstat (6.9) func1 (8.4.8) fval (8.4.9)

g:

gcolor (8.6) gen (4.2) getdata (2.6) getfzpnt (4.9.3) getg (8.11) gr2fr (6.2.2) grab (10.1.1) grad (6.5.1) grpms (4.11) grpumat (5.1.7)

h:

hclust (5.8.1) help (11.5) histoeq (6.4) hough (6.5.2) hst (8.4.7)

i:

i2f (6.2.1) if (11.2) ijoin (3.2) im2image (7.2) imacqseq (10.1.2) image2im (7.2) imboundary (7.5) imbuildnet (7.10) imcenterpoints (7.8) imclose (7.5) imcofeatures (7.6) imcomplement (7.5) imconnected (7.5) imconstraint (7.3) imconvert (7.1) imconvolution (7.3) imcooccurence (7.6) imcopy (7.1) imcreate (7.1) imcrop (7.3) imdifference (7.5) imdilate (7.5) imedge (7.3) imerode (7.5) imfastsegmentcoloring (7.7) imfft (7.4) imfilter (7.3) imfindthreshold (7.3) imfloodsegment (7.7) imfractal (7.11) imfreqvec (7.4) imgetcolor (7.1) imgetipixel (7.1) imgetlayer (7.1) imgetpixel (7.1) imgettime (7.1) imgfeat (6.7.2) imgundersen (7.8) imhistogram (7.3) imhitmiss (7.5) imintersection (7.5) imkernel1d (7.8) imkernel2d (7.8) imknn1d (7.8) imknn2d (7.8) imload (7.1) immarks (7.8) immasspoints (7.8) imnearestneighbour (7.8) imnegate (7.3) imnetangleslenghts (7.10) imopen (7.5) impeakpoints (7.8) impeaksegment (7.7) impointfieldstat (7.8) imputcolor (7.1) imputipixel (7.1) imputlayer (7.1) imputpixel (7.1) imputtime (7.1) imrandpoints (7.8) imreflect (7.5) imregionfill (7.5) imsave (7.1) imsegmentcoloring (7.7) imsegment (7.7) imshiftspec (7.4) imsimspectralmethod (7.9) imsize (7.1) imskeleton (7.5) imsnap (10.1.2) imthreshold (7.3) imtoppoints2 (7.8) imtoppoints (7.8) imtranslate (7.5) imunion (7.5) imversion (7) imvisualizefft (7.4) imvoronoi (7.10) initfz (4.9.3) inputsearch (5.3) int2float (3.21) inverse (2.17.12)

j:

joinind (3.3) join (3.2)

k:

kmeans (5.8.2)

l:

layer (8.2.1) lcode2bin (3.10) ldgrcld (8.4.5) ldgrc (8.4.5) ldgrv (8.4.6) ldgr (8.4.5) len (2.7) lmbp (5.2.7) load (9.1) loccode (3.10) log (6.5.1) ls (2.2) lu (2.17.6)

m:

m+m (2.17.7) m-m (2.17.8) m2d (2.17.2) mat2data (2.17.3) matrix (2.17.1) mbp (5.2.2) md (2.1) mergecld (3.7) mixseq (3.19) mkdir (2.1) mkfz (4.9.1) mkgf (8.13.1) mkgrp (8.1.1) mlbp (5.2.4) mlp2layer (5.4.1) mlpout (5.4.3) mosaic (6.2.3) msdbycen (4.1.4) msd (4.1.4) mvncdf (4.12.5) mxm (2.17.9) mxnum (2.17.10)

n:

ncolor (8.3.5) nconn (8.2.4) ndatplc (8.4.2) ndiam (8.3.4) negative (6.3) ngray (8.3.5) normalconf (4.12.4) normalvalue (4.12.4) nplc (8.3.1) nshape (8.3.2) nsize (8.3.3) nvsbl (8.3.6)

o:

opsys (11.9)

p:

partr (5.1.1) photohisto (6.4) pickrec (3.14) pinv (2.17.5) plan (4.3) pmat (8.4.11) prepro (4.1.1) principal (5.6) print (2.17.1) procrustes (6.10.3) psl (5.1.6) pwd (2.1)

q:

quit (11.8)

r:

randomize (11.11) rd (2.1) reclab (8.4.10) ren (2.4) return (11.7) rlab (8.4.9) rmdir (2.1) rmimg (8.14.1) rmsg (8.1.2) rm (2.3) rngplt (8.4.4) rpbp (5.2.6) runcmd (9.4) runevent (8.14.3)

s:

sabp (5.2.5) sammon (5.5) savegrp (8.12) save (9.2) saxis (8.4.1) scaling (8.5) sclcomm (10.4) sec2time (2.16) selcld (4.4.5) selcl (4.4.4) select (2.9) selrec (4.4.3) selseq (3.17) serie (2.14) setdata (2.8) setfzs (4.9.3) setgcld (8.1.1) setgdat (8.1.1) setgfimg (8.14.4) setgfplc (8.13.3) setimg (8.14.1) setsg (8.1.2) setupdaq (10.2.1) shape (2.17.2) shellcpall (12.6) shellcp (12.5) shellgetcwd (12.1) shelllsdir (12.10) shelllsfile (12.11) shellls (12.9) shellmkdir (12.3) shellrmall (12.8) shellrmdir (12.4) shellrm (12.7) shellsetcwd (12.2) showfz (11.12.2) showgl (11.12.3) show (11.12.1) smhsom (5.1.3) somcl (5.1.2) somgrid (5.1.10) somindex (5.1.5) somlayer (5.1.4) somproj (5.1.9) somsprd (5.1.8) somtr (5.1.1) sons (8.2.2) sort (3.15) srand (11.11) ssl (5.1.6) stopdaq (10.2.2) stopgrab (10.1.1) stopsrv (10.1.4) stop (11.6) sums2prop (3.12) svd (2.17.4)

t:

tfunc (4.12.1) threshold (6.3) time2sec (2.16) tinv (4.12.2) topo (8.2.2) traj (8.2.3) transpose (3.1) trans (2.17.11) tsipix (6.7.3)

u:

uad (6.7.1) umat (8.2.6) uniqcl (3.5) uniq (3.4) unix (11.10) updcl (2.13) updgr (8.14.5)

v:

vecfld (8.4.12) viewp (8.8) visualfft (6.8)

w:

waitfor (10.5) wait (11.12.4) while (11.2) whitening (4.1.2) wrps (9.3)